What You Need to Know About Fifth Disease: A Common Childhood Illness

What Is Fifth Disease?

Fifth disease, also known as “slapped cheek” syndrome, is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. It’s called "fifth" disease because it was historically the fifth in a list of common rash-causing illnesses in children. While it can look alarming, it’s usually mild and goes away on its own.

What Are the Symptoms?

The classic symptom is a bright red rash on the cheeks, giving the appearance that the child has been slapped. This rash may later spread to the arms, legs, or torso with a lace-like pattern. Other common symptoms include:

• Low-grade fever

• Runny nose

• Sore throat

• Headache

• Fatigue or general discomfort

In some cases, children may have cold-like symptoms for a few days before the rash appears.

Is It Contagious?

Yes—but only before the rash shows up. Once the rash appears, the virus is usually no longer contagious. Fifth disease spreads through respiratory droplets, so it’s easily passed in schools, daycares, and playgrounds.

Most people develop immunity after infection, which is why it’s rare to catch it more than once.

What About Adults?

While fifth disease is more common in children, adults can get it too—especially teachers, childcare providers, or parents. Adults may not get the rash but can experience joint pain and swelling, particularly in the hands, wrists, and knees.

When Should You See a Provider?

In most cases, fifth disease is mild and doesn’t require treatment beyond rest, fluids, and over-the-counter fever reducers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. However, you should seek care if:

• Your child has a weakened immune system

• There’s a known blood disorder (like sickle cell disease)

• Your child looks unusually ill or the rash is severe

• You are pregnant and may have been exposed

Pregnant women who are exposed should contact their provider. While rare, parvovirus B19 can cause complications during pregnancy.

How WestsideMed Can Help

At WestsideMed, our primary  and urgent care team is here to evaluate rashes and symptoms quickly and with care. If your child or family member is showing signs of fifth disease—or you just aren’t sure what’s causing a rash—we’re here to help you get peace of mind.

We offer same-day visits, after-hours appointments, and a compassionate approach to treating everything from common colds to complex conditions. Whether it’s a quick urgent care visit or ongoing family care, WestsideMed is your trusted partner in health.